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In 2014 it published the SOF Campaign Planner’s Handbook of Operational Art and Design.
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Army Special Operations Command attempted an update of its own, but it also proved problematic. But both the Army and joint versions remain lacking - either looking back to Iraq, or forward to a simplified vision of great-power competition.
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Army’s lexicon in its 2010 Field Manual 5-0, The Operations Process, as part of an effort to “secure the lessons of 8 years of war and provide a cognitive tool to commanders who will encounter complex, ill-structured problems in future operational environments.” In 2015, the joint version of the manual added a chapter for Joint Operational Design. Operational Design, from Inception Through Today We propose five specific operational design elements to do this: position of continuing advantage, strategic levers, concurrent effects, narrative, and empowerment. It just needs minor adaptations that integrate a broader understanding of influence to address a wider spectrum of geopolitical challenges ranging from cooperation through war. The good news is that the doctrine doesn’t require a wholesale rewrite.
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It requires implementing potentially uncomfortable changes to operational design doctrine that will make their way into professional military education and joint planning groups. To close this intellectual gap, the Irregular Warfare Annex to the 2018 National Defense Strategy requires the entire joint force (not just special operations forces) to “ institutionalize irregular warfare as an enduring core competency.” However, “institutionalization” doesn’t happen by simply waving a magic wand. Irregular warfare accounts for the missing half of strategic competition - information warfare, ambiguous or denied proxy operations, and subversion. Despite the rhetorical shift “away” from irregular warfare “to” great-power competition (read: large-scale combat operations), the United States does not have the luxury of ignoring how China and Russia are advancing their interests in the gray zone short of armed conflict.
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This continued stagnation doesn’t bode well for national security going forward. The checklist continues in the traditional fashion, focused on applying overwhelming firepower and maneuver to achieve decisive victory. Instead, we get more of the same design elements familiar to planners: objectives, military end state, lines of operation, center of gravity, decisive points, forces and functions, and so on. What about blending different aspects of engagement like security force assistance, foreign military sales, and international military education to simultaneously counter violent extremist organizations and compete with China and Russia? Or maybe applying counter-threat finance to deny the financial access that gives adversaries leverage over partner nations.
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Cracking open the newly revised Joint Planning manual, one would hope to find some insight on how to optimize military planning for today’s “ information-age competition.” For example, developing an information campaign to inoculate vulnerable populations against subversion, or conversely, to catalyze popular mobilization against adversary interests. military planning - has a relevance problem. Operational design - the analytical framework that underpins U.S. – Summary of the Irregular Warfare Annex to the National Defense Strategy Irregular warfare is an enduring, economical contribution to America’s national security, and will remain an essential core competency of the U.S.